Italian consulates: where Russian speakers apply for the D visa
In short
The national D visa (over 90 days - lavoro autonomo, study, family reunification and other motives) is issued by the Italian mission whose district you belong to.
Below are all the missions relevant to Russian-speaking applicants: what each one does, which visa centre takes the papers and how to book. Facts come from the official esteri.it sites; operators and waits are community-reported - verify current data.
What the consulate does
Reviews the file and decides on the visa, certifies translations and does consular legalization of documents. Its site is the primary source for document lists.
What the visa centre does
A commercial operator that takes in documents, collects fingerprints and charges a service fee. It makes no decisions - every file goes to the consulate.
Russia
Moscowconsulate general
Consulate General of Italy in Moscow
Per the official site the district covers the whole Russian Federation except the St. Petersburg district (the city itself plus the Leningrad, Novgorod, Vologda, Arkhangelsk, Pskov and Murmansk regions and Karelia). Inside it are an honorary Consulate General in Krasnodar and honorary consulates in Yekaterinburg, Lipetsk, Volgograd, Ufa and Kaluga, plus a consular correspondence office in Samara - support offices that do not issue visas.
Address, phone, booking
Saint Petersburgconsulate general
Consulate General of Italy in Saint Petersburg
Per the official site the district is Saint Petersburg, the Leningrad region, Veliky Novgorod and the Novgorod region, Vologda and its region, Arkhangelsk and its region, Pskov and its region, Murmansk and its region, Petrozavodsk and the Republic of Karelia. All the rest of Russia belongs to the Moscow Consulate General. The district follows the registration in your passport, not your preference.
Address, phone, booking
Belarus
Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan
Ukraine
Not legal advice. District lines, visa-centre operators and timings change - the primary source is always the official mission site on esteri.it.